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no denials????
Could be cyclical:
Could Arctic Sea Ice Decline be Caused by the Arctic Oscillation?
<small>March 22nd, 2012 by Roy W. Spencer, Ph. D.</small>
While the IPCC claims that recent Arctic sea ice declines are the result of human-caused warming, there is also convincing observational evidence that natural cycles in atmospheric circulation patterns might also be involved.
And unless we know how much of the decline is natural, I maintain we cannot know how much is human-caused.
In 2002, a paper was published in the Journal of Climate entitled Response of Sea Ice to the Arctic Oscillation, where the authors (one of whom, Mike Wallace, was a co-discoverer of the AO) shows that changing wind patterns associated with the AO contributed to Arctic sea ice declines from one decade to the next: from 1979-1988 to 1989-1998.
The Arctic Oscillation involves sea level pressure patterns over the Arctic Ocean, North Atlantic, and North Pacific. Since sea ice moves around with the wind (see this movie example), sea level pressure patterns can either expose or cover various sections of the Arctic Ocean.
When there are many winters in a row with high (or low) pressure, it can affect sea ice cover on decadal time scales. Over time, ice can become more extensive and thicker, or less extensive and thinner.
There is a time lag involved in all of this, as discussed in the above paper. So, to examine the potential cumulative effect of the AO, I made the following plot of cumulative values of the winter (December-January-February) AO (actually, their departures from the long-term average) since 1900. I’ve attached a spreadsheet with the data for those interested, updated through this past winter. Consistent with the analysis in the above-cited paper, the sea ice decline since satellite monitoring began in 1979 was during a period of persistent positive values of the AO index (note the reversed vertical scale). Since the satellite period started toward the end of a prolonged period of negative AO values, this raises the question of whether we just happened to start monitoring Arctic sea ice when it was near peak coverage.
Note that back in the 1920’s, when there were reports of declining sea ice, record warmth, and disappearing glaciers, there was similar AO behavior to the last couple of decades. Obviously, that was before humans could have influenced the climate system in any substantial way.
I won’t go into what might be causing the cyclic pattern in the AO over several decades. My only point is that there is published evidence to support the view that some (or even most?) of the ~20 year sea ice decline up until the 2007 minimum was part of a natural cycle, related to multi-decadal changes in average wind patterns.
Do you remember your junior high American history class? Remember how we learned about the great explorers like Hudson and Cabot? What were they looking for? The Northwest Passage to the Orient, right? Did they find it? No. Because the Arctic was frozen year round. They couldn't find a passage, even in the summer, because of the ice. Is it the same today?
Do you remember your junior high American history class? Remember how we learned about the great explorers like Hudson and Cabot? What were they looking for? The Northwest Passage to the Orient, right? Did they find it? No. Because the Arctic was frozen year round. They couldn't find a passage, even in the summer, because of the ice. Is it the same today?
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Remember the climate during the time of Hudson and Cabot was called the Little Ice-Age.
Do you remember your junior high American history class? Remember how we learned about the great explorers like Hudson and Cabot? What were they looking for? The Northwest Passage to the Orient, right? Did they find it? No. Because the Arctic was frozen year round. They couldn't find a passage, even in the summer, because of the ice. Is it the same today?
We have planes today, we can fly over the ice.
Why wasn't the Northwest Passage established at the end of the Little Ice Age (c. 1850)?
MONTREAL, Sept. 19, 2014 /CNW Telbec/ - Fednav, a Canadian-owned company and world leader in Arctic navigation, today announced that its vessel, the MV Nunavik sailed from Deception Bay en route to China via Canada's Northwest Passage, with a full cargo of nickel concentrate. The Nunavik will be one of the first commercial vessels to transit the Northwest Passage completely, and the first to do so unescorted with an Arctic cargo, and with Canadian expertise.
The Nunavik is the most powerful conventional (non-nuclear) icebreaking bulk carrier in the world, and sails from Deception Bay, Northern Quebec year round, transporting product from the Canadian Royalties mine. The Nunavik will deliver 23,000 tons of nickel concentrate to Bayuquan in China.
The Nunavik will be supported by a s****-based team of ice navigation specialists from Fednav and its subsidiary, Enfotec. The vessel will receive regular ice charts including real-time satellite imagery in order to operate Enfotec's proprietary onboard ice-navigation system, IcenavTM, further enabling safe and efficient transit.
http://www.fednav.com/en/media...-northwest-passage-0
I don't think the technology of 1850 was capable of building icebreakers.
There have been cargo vessels with ice breaking capability for decades. Why now?
There have been cargo vessels with ice breaking capability for decades. Why now?
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You might need to note that "ice free" doesn't exactly mean "ice free" necessitating the need for ice-breaking abilities :
http://www.fednav.com/en/voyage-nunavik
I might also note that to sail the Northwest Passage has always needed icebreakers or lots of luck:
The first traversal of the Northwest Passage via dog sled[46] was accomplished by Greenlander Knud Rasmussen while on the Fifth Thule Expedition (1921–1924). Rasmussen and two Greenland Inuit travelled from the Atlantic to the Pacific over the course of 16 months via dog sled.
Canadian RCMP officer Henry Larsen was the second to sail the passage, crossing west to east, leaving Vancouver 23 June 1940 and arriving at Halifax on 11 October 1942.[47] More than once on this trip, he was uncertain whether the St. Roch, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police "ice-fortified" schooner, would survive the pressures of the sea ice. At one point, Larsen wondered "if we had come this far only to be crushed like a nut on a shoal and then buried by the ice." The ship and all but one of her crew survived the winter on Boothia Peninsula. Each of the men on the trip was awarded a medal by Canada's sovereign, King George VI, in recognition of this notable feat of Arctic navigation.
Later in 1944, Larsen's return trip was far more swift than his first. He made the trip in 86 days to sail back from Halifax, Nova Scotia to Vancouver, British Columbia.[48] He set a record for traversing the route in a single season. The ship, after extensive upgrades, followed a more northerly, partially uncharted route.
On July 1, 1957, the United States Coast Guard Cutter Storis departed in company with USCGC Bramble and USCGC Spar to search for a deep-draft channel through the Arctic Ocean and to collect hydrographic information. Upon her return to Greenland waters, the Storis became the first U.S.-registered vessel to have circumnavigated North America. Shortly after her return in late 1957, she was reassigned to her new home port of Kodiak, Alaska.
In 1969, the SS Manhattan made the passage, accompanied by the Canadian icebreakers CCGS John A. Macdonald and CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent. The U.S. Coast Guard icebreakers Northwind and Staten Island also sailed in support of the expedition.[49][50]
The Manhattan was a specially reinforced supertanker sent to test the viability of the passage for the transport of oil. While the Manhattan succeeded, the route was deemed not to be cost effective. The United States built the Alaska Pipeline instead.
In June 1977, sailor Willy de Roos left Belgium to attempt the Northwest Passage in his 13.8 m (45 ft) steel yacht Williwaw. He reached the Bering Strait in September and after a stopover in Victoria, British Columbia, went on to round Cape Horn and sail back to Belgium, thus being the first sailor to circumnavigate the Americas entirely by ship.[51]
Since you won't answer my question of "Why now?", I will.
It is because it is now commercially feasible (i.e., a profit can be made) to use the Northwest Passage because there is more open water and the ice that is present is thinner, allowing a cargo vessel with ice breaking capabilities to sail virtually unencumbered by ice.
Note that the SS Manhattan had four ice breakers accompany it.
"THE SS MANHATTAN WAS POWERED BY 43,000 HORSEPOWER BUT WAS NO MATCH FOR 16-20 FOOT THICK SEA ICE IN MCCLURE STRAIT AND HAD TO TURN AROUND (NO SMALL TASK FOR A 1005' LOA X 148' WIDE BEAM SHIP IN NEAR 16' SEA ICE) AND CHANGE THE NAVIGATION ROUTE TO USE THE NARROW AND CONSTRAINED PRINCE OF WALES STRAIT ON THE EAST SIDE OF BANKS ISLAND."
ing to even small amounts of sea level rise
Since you won't answer my question of "Why now?", I will.
You obviously you didn't take note of the fact from the Wikipedia article that in 1944 (schooner), 1957 (Coast Guard cutter and two buoy tenders), and 1977 (private yacht) that non-icebreakers made the trip rather quickly before the satellite measurement of sea ice. I think the only way they made the trip was that the past global warming was more than this years global warming.
Oh by the way, if Antarctic sea ice is increasing while the Arctic decreased, shouldn't we be talking about both hemispherical warming and cooling?
The southern hemisphere has been cooling over the last 10 years, just about as much as the north has been warming. There is no proof within observational data of warming outside of natural variation. When 3 of the highest 5 or 6 years in the temperature record (since 1890) occurred over 70 years ago and 1900 was warmer than recent years in the USA (where the best data are), we are nowhere near statistical proof, nor even evidence of warming. Modelers are still unable to include important variables and no one is able to predict the future. At least Hadley Centre have tried (below). While CO2 continues to rise, the temperature has stabilized at a warm level, but not unusually so. Which way will it go? The world seems to be betting on warming. However, the probability of cooling may be equally valid and we must be prepared for both. Cooling presents the real danger. Things that go up and down only go so high. It has always been this way. Image of current northern sea ice (latest). Check the S. hemisphere sea ice (latest).
Ok, I've presented the scientific data. You've presented opinion. So, ok, all you are right. The National Snow and Ice Data Center is wrong. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration is wrong. NASA is wrong. The U.S. Geological Survey is wrong. The National Science Foundation is wrong. The Royal Society is wrong. The National Geographic Society is wrong. All those tens of thousands of scientists are in a conspiracy. They are all doing it just for a paycheck. They are all conspiring to falsify data to mislead the public so they can collect a paycheck. If it weren't for their conspiracy, they wouldn't have a job.
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If you worship at the church of Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck, then I have no doubt you will continue to deny the science.
(gee, that sounds just as stupid as your statement.)
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If you worship at the church of Rush Limbaugh and Glenn Beck, then I have no doubt you will continue to deny the science.
(gee, that sounds just as stupid as your statement.)
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Try to keep an open mind, the science is still not settled.
What is the criteria for 'settled science'?
What is the criteria for 'settled science'?
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It sure ain't having 31,487 American scientists with 9,029 with PhDs disagreeing with the "consensus".
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Hey, don't you criticize my Bentley, 747, and 120ft yacht. You can go ride a horse for all I care!
What is the criteria for 'settled science'?
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It sure ain't having 31,487 American scientists with 9,029 with PhDs disagreeing with the "consensus".
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Or, using a short survey with 79 climatologists to claim 97 percent of all scientist agree on global warmin.
What is the criteria for 'settled science'?
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It sure ain't having 31,487 American scientists with 9,029 with PhDs disagreeing with the "consensus".
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The what is it? It appears to me that the National Academy of Sciences considers it 'settled science', as do many other scientific organizations. Maybe I'm wrong about that, but for some reason these guys have whole websites dedicated to climate change:
http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/
http://www.noaa.gov/climate.html
http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/
http://environment.nationalgeo...ment/global-warming/
And how many American scientists are there? How many American scientists with PhD.s?
Is your 31,487 dissenting American scientists 1% of the total number of American scientists? 10%? 20%?
Here's some more web sites about this 'unsettled' science:
http://www.caltech.edu/news/ca...climate-change-42608
http://globalchange.mit.edu/re.../special/2014Outlook
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants_of_Doubt
Merchants of Doubt is a 2010 non-fiction book by American historians of science Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway. It identifies parallels between the climate change debate and earlier controversies over tobacco smoking, acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer. Oreskes and Conway write that in each case "keeping the controversy alive" by spreading doubt and confusion after a scientific consensus had been reached, was the basic strategy of those opposing action.[1] In particular, they say that Fred Seitz, Fred Singer, and a few other contrarian scientists joined forces with conservative think tanks and private corporations to challenge the scientific consensus on many contemporary issues.[2]
The Marshall Institute and Fred Singer, two of the subjects, have been critical of the book, but most reviewers received it favorably. One reviewer said that Merchants of Doubt is exhaustively researched and documented, and may be one of the most important books of 2010. Another reviewer saw the book as his choice for best science book of the year.[3]
What is the criteria for 'settled science'?
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It sure ain't having 31,487 American scientists with 9,029 with PhDs disagreeing with the "consensus".
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The what is it? It appears to me that the National Academy of Sciences considers it 'settled science', as do many other scientific organizations. Maybe I'm wrong about that, but for some reason these guys have whole websites dedicated to climate change:
http://nas-sites.org/americasclimatechoices/
http://www.noaa.gov/climate.html
http://www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/
http://environment.nationalgeo...ment/global-warming/
And how many American scientists are there? How many American scientists with PhD.s?
Is your 31,487 dissenting American scientists 1% of the total number of American scientists? 10%? 20%?
Here's some more web sites about this 'unsettled' science:
http://www.caltech.edu/news/ca...climate-change-42608
http://globalchange.mit.edu/re.../special/2014Outlook
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Note the ".gov" in most of those sites. The people running those just might like to keep the paychecks coming as long as "the boss" is pleased. The same goes for some of ".edu" 's and ".org" 's wanting research stipends to support those who desire to seize control of the means of production and all property or at least to effectively regulate those things as to effectively control them. The rest of those people at those sites might actually believe in the global warming "consensus".
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Note the ".gov" in most of those sites. The people running those just might like to keep the paychecks coming as long as "the boss" is pleased. The same goes for some of ".edu" 's and ".org" 's wanting research stipends to support those who desire to seize control of the means of production and all property or at least to effectively regulate those things as to effectively control them. The rest of those people at those sites might actually believe in the global warming "consensus".
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Its a conspiracy! They're all in on it, all them evil comunist scientists!
Here's a number for you:
6.2 Million.
And that "consensus" might be changing its mind:
Indeed, while there is a broad consensus among climate scientists (IPCC, 2007a, 2007b), scepticism regarding anthropogenic climate change remains. The proportion of papers found in the ISI Web of Science database that explicitly endorsed anthropogenic climate change has fallen from 75% (for the period between 1993 and 2003) as of 2004 to 45% from 2004 to 2008, while outright disagreement has risen from 0% to 6% (Oreskes, 2004; Schulte, 2008). This drop in endorsement may be a manifestation of increasing taken-for-grantedness (e.g., Green, 2004) of anthropogenic climate science; the rise in disagreement may be a result of increased funding of sceptics by fossil fuel industries, conservative foundations and think tanks (McCright & Dunlap, 2010). Yet, apart from discussions among scientists, public concern over climate change is also waning in the US (Leiserowitz, Maibach & Roser-Renouf, 2008, 2010; Maibach, Leiserowitz, Roser-Renouf, & Mertz, 2011; Pew Research Center, 2009), the UK (Jowit, 2010), and Canada (Berry, Clarke, Pajot, Hutton, & Verret, 2009).
http://oss.sagepub.com/content/33/11/1477.full
Those evil Koch's must be going broke to buy all those scientists.
OldSalt, it don't matter if you can get a million scientists to prove "global warming", one crackpot reinforces their mindset.
You won't get a 'million' scientists to "prove" global warming/cooling, and it's hardly one or a crackpot that disagrees with them. Even if it was true, what are you saving it for?
someone tell best, there are future generations of people who will have to live on this planet... maybe then she can stop asking 'who are you saving it for?"... i believe she thinks this is the last generation, on earth.
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Note the ".gov" in most of those sites. The people running those just might like to keep the paychecks coming as long as "the boss" is pleased. The same goes for some of ".edu" 's and ".org" 's wanting research stipends to support those who desire to seize control of the means of production and all property or at least to effectively regulate those things as to effectively control them. The rest of those people at those sites might actually believe in the global warming "consensus".
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Its a conspiracy! They're all in on it, all them evil comunist scientists!
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Not communists, just want to keep the iron rice bowl of government grants filled.
Here's a number for you:
6.2 Million.
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So prepare a statistical sample set at 90 percent accuracy , sent it to the prerequisite number. Then, get back to us on the results.
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Note the ".gov" in most of those sites. The people running those just might like to keep the paychecks coming as long as "the boss" is pleased. The same goes for some of ".edu" 's and ".org" 's wanting research stipends to support those who desire to seize control of the means of production and all property or at least to effectively regulate those things as to effectively control them. The rest of those people at those sites might actually believe in the global warming "consensus".
--------------------------
Its a conspiracy! They're all in on it, all them evil comunist scientists!
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Not communists, just want to keep the iron rice bowl of government grants filled.
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Who would want to eat out of an iron rice bowl. The rice would probably taste funny. Porcelain is much better, and prettier too!
Here's a number for you:
6.2 Million.
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So prepare a statistical sample set at 90 percent accuracy , sent it to the prerequisite number. Then, get back to us on the results.
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Since you missed it, that 31,478 is the number of scientists that Stanky claims signed a petition (of all things) stating they disagree with the idea that human-caused climate change will have catastrophic consequences for the earth and humanity, or something along those lines. So I don't need a survey. You do a survey.
salt you are wasting your time.